Melamine (66% nitrogen by mass) is used to produce melamine / formaldehyde resins that fit a large variety of applications: flooring, laminates, thermosetting plastic. Other applications include paints, glues, flame  retardants and slow-release fertilizers. However, melamine is much more expensive to produce than other common nitrogen fertilizers, such as urea. Melamine is produced from urea by two methods: high-pressure non catalytic liquid-phase production or low-pressure catalyzed gas-phase production.
With the high-pressure method, molten urea is fed at 7-15 MPa to the reactor where it undergoes an endothermic reaction at temperatures of 370-450 Celsius degrees, with heat provided by external sources. Melamine leaves the reactor in liquid phase and after depressurization is quenched with water to separate from off-gas (NH3 and CO₂). The slurry is further concentrated and crystallized to yield melamine. With the low-pressure method, the reaction is carried out using a catalyst in a fluidized bed reactor, under pressure of 0.5-1 MPa and temperatures of 390-440 °C. The fluidizing gas is either ammonia or ammonia-carbon dioxide. Melamine and fluidizing gas leave the reactor in gaseous phase and are quenched by water or cold reaction gas. VRV is approved by the major melamine process licensors such as Eurotecnica and Agrolinz. VRV provides several components for the melamine production plant and these are:

• Reactor
• HP Steam Generator
• HP Scrubber
• Stripper
• Quencher