Urea is an organic compound (NH₂)₂CO, a carbonyl group attached to two organic amine residues.
It is solid, colourless, odourless, highly soluble in water and widely (90% of its world production) used in fertilizer as a convenient source of nitrogen, as it has the highest nitrogen content of all nitrogenous fertilizers in use (47%). Urea is produced from synthetic ammonia and carbon dioxide, which is produced in large quantity during the production of ammonia from coal or from methane.

The process consists of two main reactions, the first one is exothermic between liquid ammonia and dry ice to form ammonium carbamate, the second is an endothermic decomposition of ammonium carbamate into urea and water.
The main urea process licensors are Snamprogetti, Urea Casale, Kellogg and Stamicarbon.

VRV provides the following key components for the urea production plant:

• Urea Reactors
• Carbamate Condensers
• Medium-Low Pressure Decomposers